Design and Analysis of a Circular and Rectangular 3.5 GHz Patch Antenna for Wireless Application

Abstract

This work presents the development and performance evaluation of rectangular and circular patch antennas designed for 3.5 GHz wireless communication applications. Both antenna structures were developed using FR-4, a low-cost dielectric material, offering a relative permittivity of 4.3 and a substrate depth dimension of 1.65 mm. The antennas were excited through a quarter-wave transformer and their behavior was examined through CST Microwave Studio. According to the obtained simulation results, the rectangular patch achieves resonance at 3.5 GHz, providing a value of −32.8 dB as the return loss, 1.04 as the VSWR, 115.6 MHz bandwidth, and a value of 7.06 dBi as the directivity gain. In comparison, the circular patch antenna achieves a value of  −32.2 dB as the return loss, 1.05 VSWR, 110.28 MHz bandwidth, and a value of 6.92 dBi as the directivity gain. A performance comparison with existing 3.5 GHz antenna designs documented in existing research confirms that the proposed designs offer superior impedance matching and enhanced performance, positioning them as strong candidates for current wireless communication technologies