A Review on the Strength Performance of Sisal Reinforced Cement Mortar Incorporating Rice Husk Ash and Steel Slag Powder as Cement Replacement

Abstract

The environmental needs for cement production have been raising the demand for underground construction materials and researchers throughout the world continue to search for alternative materials that can help replace cement in part. A number of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs, including agricultural waste by-products such as Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and industrial by-products such as Steel Slag Powder (SSP) which contain a high level of silica in addition to calcium) are receiving considerable attention as an alternative to cement, primarily for their pozzolanic properties and availability. In this review, a systematic approach to review was decided due to the technical, quantitative, question-like nature which was focused on understanding the effects of the three additives on the structural performances of cement mortar. Literature search and data collection method were followed to obtain appropriate publications from online databases like Scopus, ScienceDirect and journals, etc. Sisal fibers which are derived from the plant Agave sisalana are used as natural biodegradable materials that, due to their high tensile strength, offer some of the strongest reinforcement. The combination of RHA, SSP and sisal fibers with other materials helps to reduce waste while preserving resources because both components have their own ability to improve mortar structural performance and durability. Previous studies show that pozzolanic mortar improves concrete structure lifespan by reducing permeability and enhancing chemical degradation resistance. This review investigates how various RHA and SSP ratios impact mortar compressive and flexural strength to support sustainable construction methods. The review also extensively demonstrates that RHA, SSP and sisal fibres provide environmentally sustainable solutions to replace cement and strengthen mortar production.