BORN AGAIN, EQUAL AGAIN: PENTECOSTAL THEOLOGY, LEGAL PLURALISM, AND RECONCEPTUALISING WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN AFRICA

Abstract

Christianity in Africa is often criticized for supporting patriarchal norms, especially within Pentecostal traditions, which are seen as incompatible with gender equality. This view ignores both the diversity and evolving nature of Pentecostal theology in Nigeria. This paper challenges the idea that Christianity is always oppressive to women by exploring how Pentecostal teachings on rebirth, personal transformation, and equality before God can work alongside human rights ideals. It also considers Nigeria’s context of legal pluralism, where customary, religious, and state laws overlap, sometimes protecting but often limiting women’s rights. Using a doctrinal approach that combines legal analysis with feminist theology, the study examines how these multiple legal systems interact with Pentecostal beliefs to shape women’s status. Findings show that Pentecostalism, when critically reinterpreted, contains egalitarian elements that align with both constitutional and human rights principles. The paper suggests that Pentecostal leaders embrace inclusive interpretations of scripture, policymakers collaborate with faith communities to harmonize laws, and advocacy groups use both legal and theological tools to advance gender justice within this plural legal landscape.