Assessing the Implementation of the Nigerian Disability Act (2018): Implications for Employment Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in Kwara State Owned Institutions

Abstract

The Nigerian Disability Act 2018 represents a critical legislative framework aimed at safeguarding the rights and enhancing the employment inclusion of persons with disabilities (PWDs). However, the translation of this policy into tangible outcomes, particu­larly at the sub-national level, remains a significant challenge. This study in­vestigates the implementation gap of the Act within public institutions in Kwara State, with a specific focus on employ­ment inclusion. A descriptive survey de­sign was employed, utilizing structured questionnaires to collect data from 360 respondents drawn from public servants, Persons with Disabilities and officers in disability-focused agencies. Findings indicate a paradoxical situation: while awareness of the Act’s provisions, includ­ing the 5% employment quota, is reason­ ably high (75%), practical implementa­tion is markedly weak. Less than half of the respondents observed consistent ef­forts to meet employment quotas or pro­vide equal opportunities. Improvements in physical accessibility were noted, yet systemic barriers such as inadequate reasonable accommodations, attitudinal biases, and a critical lack of monitor­ing and enforcement persist. The study concludes that without robust enforce­ment mechanisms, deeper institutional reforms, and targeted sensitization, the Act’s objectives will remain unfulfilled in Kwara State. Recommendation suggest­ed that the National Commission for Per­sons with Disabilities (NCPWD) and the Kwara State Government should conduct an annual compliance audit of all public institutions, publishing results and en­forcing sanctions or rewards as needed. Each institution should implement a Dis­ability Inclusion Policy and Action Plan, led by a Disability Inclusion Officer, to guide recruitment, retention, and accom­modations. Mandatory disability aware­ness training should be provided for staff and partnerships with Disabled Persons’ Organizations (DPOs) like JONAPWD should support implementation. The State Government and media should also promote sustained public campaigns to highlight the abilities of persons with dis­abilities and encourage full compliance with the Disability Act.