Comparative effect of sucrose, fructose and glucose concentrations on the survival rate of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum l.) in tissue culture

Abstract

Tomato remains a globally essential horticultural crop, whose efficient micro propagation is critical for sustainable production, especially in tropical regions facing biotic and abiotic challenges. This study investigated the influence of three exogenous sugars; sucrose, glucose and fructose applied at varying concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 g/L) on the survival and developmental performances of two tomato varieties (Rio Grande and UC-82B) under in vitro concentrations. Seeds were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with each sugar type and data on seedling survival, shoot number, shoot length, leaf count, node formation and root development were recorded after 40 - 60 days. Result indicated that low concentrations (0-10`g/L) of sucrose and glucose significantly improved survival and shoot proliferation, with Rio Grande exhibiting superior performance across all sugar treatments. However, high concentrations (> or = 30g/L) significantly reduced survival rates and morphological vigor, suggesting the onset of osmotic or metabolic stress. Fructose treated seedlings consistently showed the lowest survival responses in all concentrations. Overall, sucrose at low concentration was the most effective carbon source, particularly for the Rio Grande variety, emphasizing its potential for nursery applications and commercial propagation strategies. These findings contribute to refining tomato micro propagation protocols and provide a foundation for advancing crop regeneration technologies in Africa.