Knowledge, management practices and benefits of using black soldier fly larvae in livestock feed among farmers’ cooperative in Oyo state, Nigeria

Abstract

Black Soldier Fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) larvae are recognized as an affordable and sustainable alternative protein source for livestock feed due to their high content of crude protein, amino acid profile, and ability to convert organic waste into nutritious organic matter. This study assessed farmers’ knowledge, management practices, and benefits of BSF larvae utilization among selected cooperative societies in Oyo State. 120 respondents from six cooperatives engaged in poultry, piggery, and aquaculture production were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection and analyzed with descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results indicated that while all respondents were aware of insect larvae as livestock feed, only 48.33% could identify BSF specifically, and 6.67% had reared them. Pit rearing was the predominant method, while both wet and dry larvae were applied depending on livestock type. Farmers perceived BSF larvae as an inexpensive and sustainable protein substitute capable of lowering feed costs, improving profitability, and reducing reliance on soybean meal and fishmeal. The study recommends targeted awareness campaigns, farmer training on mass production techniques, and supportive policies to scale adoption. Promoting BSF larvae use can enhance livestock productivity, foster waste recycling, and advance sustainable agricultural development.