Soil characterization and land suitability evaluation of Kwara state university teaching and research farm, Malete

Abstract

 Characterisation, classification, and land suitability analysis are fundamental to land potentials for agricultural purposes and management decisions, planning, and utilisation, providing a link between resource assessment and the decision-making process. This study was conducted to characterise and evaluate the land suitability for maize and soybean cultivation. Two soil profiles were dug based on topographical variations, and soil characterisation followed FAO guidelines. Soil samples were collected from genetic horizons for laboratory analyses. Surface samples (0–25 cm) were also collected across the sites. Morphological, physical and chemical properties were assessed using appropriate methods. The results revealed a textural variation from loam to sandy clay loam in Pedon 1, and sand to sandy clay loam in Pedon 2. Surface soil pH values ranged from 6.25 to 6.75, indicating a moderately acidic condition, favourable to most crops and soil microorganisms. However, the soils exhibited low levels of available phosphorus, exchangeable bases, and cation exchange capacity (CEC), while climatic factors such as rainfall, temperature and humidity were not limiting. Also, no land unit was classified as highly suitable (S1) for maize or soybean. Most areas were rated as marginally suitable (S3) due to fertility constraints and topography. In order to improve land productivity, soil fertility-enhancing practices are recommended.