EXAMINING THE VULNERABILITIES AND CHALLENGES FACED BY IMMIGRANT MINORS IN NIGERIA AND SUGGESTING BEST PRACTICES

Abstract

Immigrant minors in Nigeria face a complex web of vulnerabilities spanning social, economic, security, and psychological dimensions, yet comprehensive protection mechanisms remain critically inadequate. This paper examines the multifaceted challenges confronting immigrant children in Nigeria, including exploitation during irregular migration, gender-based violence, arbitrary detention, family separation, and systemic discrimination. Using doctrinal research methodology, the study reveals that despite Nigeria's ratification of international instruments such as the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the enactment of the Child Rights Act, implementation gaps persist due to weak political will, entrenched social norms, and institutional deficiencies. The paper further explores the psychological trauma, acculturation stress, and educational marginalization experienced by these minors, exacerbated by language barriers, cultural dislocation, and insecure legal status. Through an examination of grassroots initiatives and successful integration programs, the study identifies promising pathways involving community engagement, multilingual education, culturally responsive teaching, and integrated mental health and entrepreneurship support. The paper concludes with actionable recommendations for strengthening legal frameworks, enhancing institutional capacity, fostering cross-sectoral collaboration, and promoting inclusive policies that uphold the rights and dignity of immigrant minors. By addressing both immediate protection needs and long-term resilience building, Nigeria can fulfil its obligations under international law and ensure that immigrant children enjoy their fundamental rights to education, healthcare, safety, and social inclusion