ANALYZING X-RAY AND RADIATION EXPOSURE RISK UNDER SHARI‘AH PATIENTS’ HEALTHCARE

Abstract

X‑ray imaging holds an indispensable role in modern medical diagnostics, yet its utilization raises significant ethical and safety consideration especially in aspect of radiation exposure. Hence, this paper analyses x-ray and radiation exposure risk under Shari’ah patient healthcare by drawing on classical Islamic legal maxims such as necessity (darurah) and the imperative to prevent harm (dafʿ ad-darar). The study examines the traditional fiqh and how the overarching Maqasid as-Shari‘ah can ethically accommodate the use of x‑rays in medicine. The analysis balances the life-saving diagnostic benefits against the potential risks of radiation, thereby illustrating the flexibility and adaptability of Islamic jurisprudence to modern technological challenges. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach, the paper reviews classical Islamic texts alongside current radiological standards and clinical research. It explores the conditions under which x‑ray examinations are deemed permissible when conducted in adherence to stringent safety protocols aimed at minimising risk. Through evaluation of contemporary fatwas and case studies, the paper demonstrates how informed ijtihād (independent legal reasoning) fosters an interpretative framework that not only mitigates potential harm but also promotes patient welfare within an Islamic ethical context. Ultimately, the study provides clear guidelines for both religious scholars and medical practitioners, advocating for a dynamic dialogue that ensures medical innovations remain aligned with the fundamental values of preserving life and well-being. The paper found that despite the existence of the contemporary challenges, the flexibility of Shariah rules makes room for permissibility of x-ray under necessity doctrine and prevention of harm hinged on life-saving objective. The paper recommends clinical best practices, virile institutional framework, fatwa-based enquiry, amongst other.